Go Ask Alice :: essays research papers

The 1970s was a time of change. A time of revolution. War was the takings of nearly all conversations and sex and drugs were on everyones minds. While boogie fever swept dance floors, young men were sent off to conk out in a war that they could never win. Richard Nixon was in office and his scandal was to influence politics for years to come. The bright blue bell-bottom pants with the knock and orange flowers sewed on were the coolest thingoh excuse me, I mean the grooviest thing to have. Big cars were the big thing and inflation was as high as the teenagers smoking pot and shooting heroin. This was the 1970s. Alice of Go Ask Alice would have been greatly influenced by this era of time. Although she had cleaned up her act, Alice most likely would have had trouble resisting the temptation provided by her peers to smoke, make love, and have the time of her life. Although one cannot say that for sure. Counseling also became much more readily available to people afflicted with addict ions. So, mayhap Alice would have been okay. Theres no way to really tell. One can be certain though that with her steadfast and determined way of thinking, she likely would have been protesting the Vietnam War from the very start and the right of nuclear power plants to be in operative mode. She probably would have thought President Nixon to be one of the biggest moron ever to live, and she most likely would have been out on the streets. Not living the life of an addicted druggie though, but rather counsellor others on how to clean up their acts and get on with their lives. I think Alice would have made a really good life for herself.Of course, these werent the tho things going on during the seventies. Everyone always thinks of the above mentioned obvious events. I mean, the 70s were the Sex Revolution, and the Drug Revolution, and the Protest Revolution era of time. Everyone knows that. But other things occurred during this troublesome decennium that would have affected and eve n re-molded many lives, including Alice. For example, many other wars were breaking out and many others were beginning to cool off. The Yom Kippur War began in 1973 while the insentient War was ceasing between the US, the Soviet Union and China. The terrorist act at the 1972 Munich Olympics shocked many people and the OPEC oil embargo in 1973 had a great affect on society.

Affirmative Action Essay -- Government Affirmative Action Essays

Though optimistic Action is a current controversial issue, it is far from red-hot its decree has been long in the making. Perhaps it originates from amendments 13-15, the serial publication of amendments that outlawed slavery, guaranteed equal protection under the law, and forbid racial discrimination when voting, respectively (Sykes 1). The Supreme tourist courts conclusion in 1896, in the shift of Plessy V. Ferguson, mandated separate but equal treatment for African Americans (Sykes 1). However, in 1954, the Supreme Courts decision from Brown v. Board of Education replaced that of the Plessy v. Ferguson trial. President Lyndon Johnson was the firstborn to use the term Affirmative Action in the Executive localize 11246 of 1965 (Sykes 1). This order required federal official contractors to use affirmative carry through to make sealed people were treated equally, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin (Cahn 1). Two years later, Johnson ame nded it to entangle women (Cahn 1). By 1971, President Nixon issued a Revised Order No. 4 that required contractors to adopt an acceptable affirmative action program (Cahn 1). Over the ultimo three decades, many debates continue as to whether or not affirmative action still belongs in America. Affirmative action is an issue that evokes strong emotions for both(prenominal) supporters and non-supporters alike. Those against affirmative action argue that affirmative action does not help minorities but rather degrades them. They argue that affirmative action sends minorities the message that they can however succeed if they are given extra benefits thus, resulting in damaged credibility. Often cited as example of affirmative action victims are that of Clarence Thomas and Colin Powell. Critics of affirmativ... ...http//www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/voices/200304/0414action.html Sherman, Mitchell. Equal recitation Opportunity Legal Issues and Societal Consequences. Public military force Management. Washington March-April 2008. Print.Stevenson, Daniel C. Affirmative Action Remains Imperative. The Tech. Boston 7 March 1995. Web. 28 March 2015.http//www-tech.mit.edu/V115/N9/danspew.09o.htmlSykes, Marquita. The Origins of Affirmative Action. 2004. Web. 28 March 2015.http//www.now.org/nnt/08-95/affirmhs.htmlTomasson, Richard F., Faye J. Crosby, and Sharon D. Herzberger. Affirmative Action The Pros and Cons of policy and Practice. Lanham Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2001. Print.Yetman, Norman R. Race and Ethnicity. 2007. found in Jackson, Robert Max. Social Foundations of Public Issues. USA. McGraw-Hill, 2013. Print. Affirmative Action Essay -- disposal Affirmative Action Essays Though Affirmative Action is a current controversial issue, it is far from new its decree has been long in the making. Perhaps it originates from amendments 13-15, the series of amendments that outlawed slavery, guarant eed equal protection under the law, and forbid racial discrimination when voting, respectively (Sykes 1). The Supreme Courts decision in 1896, in the case of Plessy V. Ferguson, mandated separate but equal treatment for African Americans (Sykes 1). However, in 1954, the Supreme Courts decision from Brown v. Board of Education replaced that of the Plessy v. Ferguson trial. President Lyndon Johnson was the first to use the term Affirmative Action in the Executive Order 11246 of 1965 (Sykes 1). This order required federal contractors to use affirmative action to make sure people were treated equally, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin (Cahn 1). Two years later, Johnson amended it to include women (Cahn 1). By 1971, President Nixon issued a Revised Order No. 4 that required contractors to adopt an acceptable affirmative action program (Cahn 1). Over the past three decades, many debates continue as to whether or not affirmative action still belongs in America . Affirmative action is an issue that evokes strong emotions for both supporters and non-supporters alike. Those against affirmative action argue that affirmative action does not help minorities but rather degrades them. They argue that affirmative action sends minorities the message that they can only succeed if they are given extra benefits thus, resulting in damaged credibility. Often cited as example of affirmative action victims are that of Clarence Thomas and Colin Powell. Critics of affirmativ... ...http//www.pbs.org/weta/washingtonweek/voices/200304/0414action.html Sherman, Mitchell. Equal Employment Opportunity Legal Issues and Societal Consequences. Public Personnel Management. Washington March-April 2008. Print.Stevenson, Daniel C. Affirmative Action Remains Imperative. The Tech. Boston 7 March 1995. Web. 28 March 2015.http//www-tech.mit.edu/V115/N9/danspew.09o.htmlSykes, Marquita. The Origins of Affirmative Action. 2004. Web. 28 March 2015.http//www .now.org/nnt/08-95/affirmhs.htmlTomasson, Richard F., Faye J. Crosby, and Sharon D. Herzberger. Affirmative Action The Pros and Cons of Policy and Practice. Lanham Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2001. Print.Yetman, Norman R. Race and Ethnicity. 2007. found in Jackson, Robert Max. Social Foundations of Public Issues. USA. McGraw-Hill, 2013. Print.

B. F. Skinner Essays -- essays research papers

B. F. skinnerBurris Frederic mule driver was born on March 20th, 1904 in Susquehanna,Pennsylvania. His mother, Grace M. Burrhus, was a stenographer and a secretary,in a law topographic point and later in a railroad chief executives office. His father,William A. Skinner, was an attorney, who studied law with another local attorneyat a New York Law School. Skinners parents were two good students. His fatherhad bought several sets of books, so there was a mickle of reading material theirchildren. Skinner said that his parents never used physical punishment, get outfor the time they washed his mouth out with soap for bad language. (Ulrich,1997) B. F. Skinner was very adventurous child. He lead a 300 mile canoe tripdown the Susquehanna River when he was only 13 years old. He was a naturalinventor and he loved build things. One of his inventions include a device thatautomatically reminded him to hang up his pajamas in the morning. He played thesaxophone in a jazz band during high r ail and played piano until his failingeyesight made it hard for him to read the music. In college, he was veryindependent, and sometimes even a prankster. He gradatory from Hamilton Collegein 1926 and later received his P.h.D. in psychology at Harvard University.(Ulrich, 1997) bath B. Watson     John Broadus Watson was born in Greenville, South Carolina on January9th 1878. He went to college at Furman University and the University of Chicago.Watson created " mental behaviorism" in 1912. He told the world about histheory of behaviorism in a 1913 paper entitled Psychology as the BehavioristViews It. In the paper he described Behaviorism as the part of psychology thatshows behavior as "a series of observable movements in time and put". (Turner,1997) He rejected both conscious and unconscious mental activities and definedbehavior as a response to a stimulus. A few of John B. Watsons literary worksinclude the following books and papers Animal Educati on, Behavior, Psychologyfrom the Standpoint of a Behaviorist, Behaviorism, and Psychological Care ofInfant and Child. (Turner, 1997)     Along with his own theories of behaviorism, Skinner developed the theoryof operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is based on the idea that "webehave the way we do because this kind of behavior has ... ...duces thestimulus."(Skinner, 1938) For Skinners Behaviorism scalawag 7 example, Skinners cattries to remove his flea collar because it irritates his sensitive skin. Skinnerremoves the collar from the cat as a form of negative reinforcement. (Skinner,1938) In his time, B. F. Skinner essay to make a lot of changes in modernpsychology. Made people didnt agree with his changes because he didnt thinkthat psychology had to do with feels or emotions. He felt that psychology hadsuffered in the past because it tried to explain human behavior in terms offeelings and states of mind. Skinner thought that psychology had wast ed a lot oftime making theories about the mind and personality. He suggested thatpsychology should only deal with behavior that is "observable in the world inwhich it occurs." (Henderson, 1990) In conclusion, B. F. Skinner was a veryintelligent man that viewed behavior as "a response to a stimulus." Though hemay have based his theories by and large on animal testing and he many have evenportrayed man as a being without feelings, creativity, or morality, he was genuinelygreat and saw behaviorism like no one had seen it before. (Skinner, 1938)

The Yellow Wallpaper -- essays research papers

Yellow WallpaperWithout question the short story Yellow Wallpaper would definitely be categorised into a male dominant/feminist interpretation. The story is a perfect example of the stereotype, "that a male knows best". Throughout the story the author does a good job of placing you in the womens shoes. He makes you feel the control he has over her, mentally as well as physically.      Most males have a tendency to think that they know best. A man will never stop at a gas station to ask directions from a topical anesthetic anesthetic resident in a town that he has been lost in for two hours because of course he knows his way around far better than the local ever would. He will find his way eventually even if it takes him the entire day. John makes it well known that he knows best. In line 30 he states, "Your exercise depends on your strength, dear, and your food somewhat on your appetite but air you can absorb all the time." Yes John is a medical student but he does not know exactly what her illness is therefore he cannot state what depends on what. He tells her that her exercise depends on her strength in so far she is not allowed to go out of the house. No matter her strength she will not be able exercise.     The way the story is written (not organized/unfocused), gives you a claustrophobic feeling of no way out, just as the character feels. The story is written to make you empathize with the character. The form of writing is relat...

Societal Corruption in The Broken Jug by Heinrich Von Kleist Essay

The Broken Jug is a comedy, written by Heinrich Von Kleist in the Eighteenth century, which is centered on the theme of injustices in society. The play reveals the scandalous affairs of a corrupt legal system, in which the judge, a conventional symbolic figure of peace and splendor and social equality, is instead exposed as an incarnate form of a morally corrupt and perverse society. Each of the plays major characters are whence created as figures that answer as implicit representations of Kleists moral and political views. In The Broken Jug, Kleist constructs a literary structure in which symbolism plays a crucial region in defining the essential nature of the play. As a result of this structure, we often see discrepancies between the real and symbolic themes in the play. Kleist constructs the play and its characters about superficial appearances that later reveal their symbolic or real nature.A consistent theme in Kleists work is that of trust and this aspect is figured p rominently throughout the comedy. Kleist maintains a strong belief that all genuine human relationships should be based upon feelings expressed in the form of unquestioning confidence. This is because feelings derived from reason and rational, serve merely to deceive and create a false sensual experience that is not real. Emotional experiences that originate from the heart, however, cannot be deceived and are therefore authentic and real. Kleist therefore uses a form of juxtaposition in the play to create an almost irreconcilable tension between the idealistic notions of emotional freedom and that of determinism, which is defined by a sense of total and rational order. His work poses a paradox between the contradicting ideas on freedom and r... ...clever human organism whose imagination enables him to escape the simoleons of lies and excuses which he has, often deliberately, constructed. Operating from the will to power of his individual desires, Adam is driven by his desire for t he young woman and eventually finds himself caught in the determinisms of the police force and society.In addition to being an ambiguous symbol of a young womans (potentially) lost reputation, the broken jug becomes a symbol of the vessel of the community that is being cracked by the self-centered actions of individuals. The jug is therefore crucial to an understanding of Eves personality and to the re-attainment of some moral balance. In the final scene, The Broken Jug resorts to the traditional conclusion of marriage. Ruprecht asks for and receives Eves forgiveness. Kleist uses their relationship to exhibit issues of individual freedom.

Societal Corruption in The Broken Jug by Heinrich Von Kleist Essay

The Broken Jug is a comedy, written by Heinrich Von Kleist in the Eighteenth century, which is centered on the theme of injustices in society. The play reveals the scandalous affairs of a corrupt legal system, in which the judge, a traditional symbolic figure of peace and nobility and social equality, is preferably exposed as an incarnate realize of a morally corrupt and perverse society. Each of the plays major characters are therefore created as figures that serve as implicit representations of Kleists moral and political views. In The Broken Jug, Kleist constructs a literary structure in which symbolism plays a crucial role in be the essential nature of the play. As a result of this structure, we frequently see discrepancies between the real and symbolic themes in the play. Kleist constructs the play and its characters around superficial appearances that subsequent reveal their symbolic or real nature.A consistent theme in Kleists work is that of trust and this aspect is f igured prominently throughout the comedy. Kleist maintains a strong belief that all genuine human human relationships should be based upon feelings expressed in the form of unquestioning confidence. This is because feelings derived from reason and rational, serve merely to shit and create a false sensual experience that is not real. Emotional experiences that originate from the heart, however, cannot be deceived and are therefore authentic and real. Kleist therefore uses a form of juxtaposition in the play to create an almost irreconcilable tension between the idealistic notions of emotional freedom and that of determinism, which is defined by a sentiency of total and rational order. His work poses a paradox between the contradicting ideas on freedom and r... ...clever human being whose imagination enables him to escape the net of lies and excuses which he has, often deliberately, constructed. Operating from the will to power of his individual desires, Adam is driven by his desi re for the young woman and eventually finds himself caught in the determinisms of the law and society.In adjunct to being an ambiguous symbol of a young womans (potentially) lost reputation, the broken jug becomes a symbol of the vessel of the community that is being cracked by the self-centered actions of individuals. The jug is therefore crucial to an understanding of Eves personality and to the re-attainment of some moral balance. In the final scene, The Broken Jug resorts to the traditional conclusion of marriage. Ruprecht asks for and receives Eves forgiveness. Kleist uses their relationship to exhibit issues of individual freedom.

Stride Gum

Is It Ridiculously Long Lasting? In the recent footmark commercial, Shaun White terminateorses their new Whitemint flavored gum. The advertisements main purpose is to campaign the gum by creating an juiceless situation that grasps the auditory modalitys attention with a killing tone. Without stressing the product so heavily, they provide a less demanding go about for the audience to buy their product. The advertisement promotes the gum as ridiculously long lasting. Although, throughout the commercial, the marketers debate over solutions for the submitrs to chew another(prenominal) piece.By the end of the commercial they come up with the solution for consumers to either Spit it out. or Yeti will find you. Stride Gum Inc. uses irony, social appeals, and tropes to lure the audience. The humourous situation in the Stride Gum commercial is how it is an advertisement within an advertisement. Obviously an advertisements purpose is to promote a specific product. exclusively in thi s advertisement, it shows the marketing professionals for Stride Gum deciding on government agencys to promote their product. It is ironic to see a commercial that is about their company making their commercial.Another ironic appeal is Stride Gums use of a yeti. At the end of the commercial, Shaun White comes up with an idea to get the consumers to chew another piece and quickly gets on his phone. Suddenly, a giant yeti comes barging in the meeting room and punches the head-marketing executive in the gut, forcing his gum to shoot out of his mouth. The audience clearly knows a yeti would never come force their gum out by punching them in the stomach, let alone even encountering a yeti. This sets a humorous tone for the audience to relate to which increases their interest for the product.Another tool Stride Gum incorporates is their usage of a social appeal. In their commercial, Stride features Olympic luxurious medalist Shaun White. Just this year Shaun White was named the second m ost powerful athlete behind Peyton Manning. Not only is White a tremendous snowboarder and skateboarder, he has become a celebrity and role model for the youth culture. Stride purposely uses Shaun White to target the youth audience because of his friendly face, personality, athletic ability, and popularity.Once the youth audience sees him on TV, they instantly feel a connection that the older generation cannot relate to. Being a popular hit for sports and role border for the fans, White makes Stride Gum a sure way to instant marketability. Lastly, Stride Gum uses the appeal through tropes to capture the audience. The first trope utilise for the Whitemint flavored gum commercial is, The ridiculously long lasting gum. When they first advertise this gum as long lasting, Strides main purpose is to suede leather the audience in believing their gum lasts longer than other competing products.But throughout the commercial the main concern for the marketers diversifys into getting the c onsumer to chew another piece. The change is ironic to see because at the beginning Stride really wants the audience to believe their gum is ridiculously long lasting. But by the end of the commercial, they act uniform the viewers have already believed their long lasting flavor proposal. This then puts the stress on the idea that the marketers are trying to find a way to get the consumers to stop chewing it and get another piece.By using these two different tropes, it represents Stride as being confident that their gum is long lasting, and its so long lasting they have to find a way for people to spit it out and chew another piece. By the end of the commercial the slogans change from the ridiculously long lasting gum to spit it out, or Yeti will find you. Stride purposely changes the tropes because they want the audience to believe that the Stride marketers have perfected long lasting gum. They now want the viewers to believe their Whitemint gum is so long lasting that they are fa cing the protrude of getting the consumers to chew another piece.With the use of transforming tropes, social, and ironic appeals, Stride Gum Inc. attracts the audiences interest and attention. Shaun White and the yeti implement a humorous tone that coincides with the ironic situation that appeals to the youth culture. Also, switching up the tropes sways the viewers to fully believe Stride Gums advertisement due to the effrontery displayed by Stride in the commercial. By applying multiple appeals into their commercial, Stride Whitemint flavored gum is advertised effectively to sway the younger generations interest to consume their product.

History of Dogs

Rachel Bikshorn Eng 101 Informational Paper Breeding of Dogs Over Time There ar hundreds of breeds of andirons all over the world today. These dogs started off as wild animals that were domesticated for the benefit of humans. Purposes for breeding and domesticating dogs mother changed since the beginning of the process. However, humankind has always taken advantage of what dogs can do for us. Dogs have been a large part of our lives from the very start. Some of their purposes have changed from more aggressive characteristics in capture, to more passive demeanours to abet those in need.As humans have changed and evolved over time, so have our dogs. Early dogs were utilize for hunting large animals. Cave wo(e)tings dating back ten constant of gravitation years ago portray dogs helping a hunter take down extremely large animals (Coren long hundred depicting 2). These dogs were usually tamed wolves that could be used for hunting and protection. These dogs had a pack mentality and were very protective of the other dogs and humans apart of their pack (Coren 120). Later, hunting dogs would still be use, nonwithstanding for different reasons and animals. Later in society, more breeds of dogs were showing up, but for similar purposes.Breeds of dogs, such as pointers, spaniels, hounds, and terriers were used for hunting smaller animals. They would hunt for birds, foxes, ducks, deer, and rabbits (Coren 120 exposure 9-13). different breeds were used for service become to assist with jobs at home, transportation, or to help move objects. Many breeds of sheepdogs were used on farms to herd livestock. They were sought forth for herding because they lacked a tail. This was a desirable trait because of a tax structure that defined as taxable livestock anything born with a tail (Coren 120 picture 14).Breeds such as the husky were and still be used in team to pull slew and objects across snow-covered grounds. The dog teams ar organized much like a wolf pack, with a leader, or king whose movements coordinate the activities of the other animals (Coren 120 picture 15). The other dogs on the ride team pay attention to the pack leader and follow that dog. Other, smaller breeds were used to pull small carts with objects such as rags (Coren 120 picture 16). holy person Bernards are extremely large dogs that came from Italy and the Swiss Alps.These dogs were used in search and rescue mission in the mountains. They were also used as herding dogs, livestock guardians, hunting dogs, and watchdogs (Saint Bernards- History and Information 3). Currently, dogs are still a huge part of our lives. As we have adapted to society and technology advances, so have our purposes for charge dogs and certain breeds close in our lives. Dogs and dog breeds have also adapted to our everyday needs as they have changed in society. More commonly now, we fit dogs as family oriented.They still assist in safety work and service help, but breeds are now commonly bred for family and show purposes. Commonly German Shepards are used as police dogs. These dogs sniff out drugs and bombs at bus stations, airports, checkpoints, and many other places. The key positive about using sniffing dogs is that it is not considered a search. There does not need to be evidence of drugs or bombs to bring out a sniffing dog. They simply sniff and detect or do not detect illegal objects (Savage). Dogs are also used to help the public through service.Many breeds that are known to be more docile and passive work with people who have special needs. These may include children, adults, elderly, and people with disabilities. Therapy dogs can be found visiting patients in nursing homes and hospitals to help ease the pain and anxiety for the residents. A study was d integrity to see how therapy dogs affected anxiety levels in patients that needed an MRI. In order to get a clear picture from the test, the patient must be very still. If they are nervous and moving slightly, t he picture is not clear.The study had two assorts of people that needed an MRI. One group spent time with a therapy dog beforehand and the others did not. The study showed that time spent with a dog seemed to substitute for the anti-anxiety medications some patients need to get through and MRI (HealthDay). Dogs have a calming affect on people and can be used at substitute for drugs in certain situations. Other dogs that are also calmer and more docile have been used for service work. These dogs work with blind and deaf people.Guide dogs for the blind are ranked as one of the most useful modern occupation for a working dog (Serpell 52). Commonly Labradors and golden retrievers are used as guide dogs. Thanks to these dogs, people with disabilities are able to function on their own in society. Most commonly you can find dogs of all different breeds in peoples homes. Although many dogs are used for working purposes, many are also simply house pets. Dogs that are family oriented and fri endly with other people and pets are most likely what one would find in a home setting with a dog.Certain breeds, such as the pug have not been used for anything else other than companion dogs and pets. Another breed, the King Charles spaniel, has been bred to be loving and gentle. Some characteristics are specifically bred for housedogs and pets (Coren 120 picture 17-18). Dogs that have certain personality traits and animal(prenominal) characteristics have been bred for multiple purposes. Newly, purposes have been for helpful and caring reasons. It has become increasingly popular to breed dogs with strong physical and personality characteristics for show and sport purposes.Today, dog breeding in most countries is dominated by the show-ring (Serpell 61). Exemplary models of dog breeds are bred and trained for sport or show. Dogs in top physical nail down compete in dog shows where their bodily skills are shown off in obstacle courses and physical tasks. Other dogs that are in top condition for looks and behavior compete in dog shows where judges pick the best in show for certain categories of dogs. The categories where a dog is picked as the winner include sporting, hounds, working, terrier, toy, non-sporting, and herding (American shelter Club).Over time, humans have used dogs in ways that best benefit our lives in the time period. As we have changed and evolved, so have our dogs. From the wildest and newly domesticated, to the bare(a) house pet, dogs have always had a purpose in our lives. We have bred them over time to help us with our everyday needs, and in return they have been loving and loyal companions. Resources St. Bernard Dogs a History and Information. St. Bernard Dogs a History and Information. right of first publication August 7, 2011. Web October 25, 2012. Savage, David. Top Justices See Benefits of Police Dogs.Los Angeles Times. Copyright November 11, 2004. Web October 25, 2012. Therapy Dogs may Help Ease Anxiety of MRI. HealthDay. U. S. News. Copyright May 6, 2011. Web October 25, 2012. A Beginners Guide to Dog Shows. American Kennel Club. Copyright 2012. Web October 25, 2012. Serpell, James. The Domestic Dog its evolution, behavior, and interactions with people. New York Cambridge University Press, 1995. Coren, Stanley. The Intelligence of Dogs A Guide to the Thoughts, Emotions, and Inner Lives or our Canine Companions. New york The Free Press, 1994.

Anatomy Quiz Unit 3

1. Match the following chemical terms with their definition (Points 15) Answer Potential Matches Proton 1 hint that dissociates in water to form individual ions, ionic compound Neutron 2 Chemical systems that absorb excess acids or bases maintaining a relatively stable pH Atomic mass 3 Has lost electrons indicated by a positive sign, as in Na+ Element 4 Non-charged particle in karyon Molecule 5 When acids and bases mix and form salts Compound 6 Alkaline Water molecules 7 substantiatively charged particle in nucleus infantry 8 Substances whose molecules have more than one kind of atom Acid 9 Double sugar made up of two monosaccharide units neutralization reaction 10 Function is to store energy for later use M. Buffers 11 A group of atoms bound together in a group Disaccharide 12 Opposite of base Carbohydrates 13 Number of protons in the nucleus determines the type of atom Electrolyte 14 Dissociate to form equal amounts of hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion Positive ion 15 A pure substance, made up of only one kind of atom 2. Microscopic View of Skin. Type the number in the renounce box that corresponds with the appropriate letter in the diagram. (Points 15) Answer Potential Matches Epidermis 1 k dermis 2 h sub cutaneous fatty create from raw material 3 g hypodermis 4 e sweat gland 5 r arrector pili muscle 6 n Pacinian corpuscle 7 l cutaneous nerve 8 c papilla of cop 9 b hair follicle 10 p sebaceous 11 j oil gland 12 d Meissners corpuscle 13 a dermal papilla 14 i stratum germinativum 15 m stratum corneum 16 o hair shaft 17 f openings of sweat glands 18 q 3. General Characteristics of a Cell. Type the number in the empty box that corresponds with the appropriate letter in the diagram. (Points 15) Answer Potential Matches centrioles 1 a flagellum 2 n free ribosomes 3 e mitochondrion 4 h nucl ear gasbag 5 c nucleus 6 j nucleolus 7 l ribosomes 8 o cilia 9 f smooth endoplasmic reticulum 10 k rough endoplasmic reticulum 11 m plasma membrane 12 i lysosome 13 d cytoplasm 14 b golgi tool 15 g 4. Type the number in the empty box that corresponds with the appropriate term for the statements(s) listed below. (Points 5) Answer Potential Matches Which glands secrete oil, or sebum, for hair and shin? 1 Epidermis These glands work throughout the body, helping to regulate body heat. 2 Sebaceous glands blur growth requires epidermal, tubelike structure called _____. 3 Hair follicles The outermost and thinnest primary layer of skin is _____. 4 Eccrine sweat glands

The Effects of Media on Teenagers

As a teen, I myself conceptualise its pretty safe to say that TV, as well as movies and other media, are some of our primary sources of information about sex and sexuality. Statistics estimate that the average teen will be exposed to around 15000 references to sex each year on TV. TV shows and movies make it seem normal for teenagers to have sex. And lets be h peerlessst, it probably is. But the fact of the matter is the media has a satisfying lot of influence over the way we perceive sexuality, and demonstrablely a great deal of it comes from the music industry, especially through music videos.You try to think of matchless song thats been on MTV music channel, that hasnt mentioned anything remotely to do with sex or a broken relationship. Now think of one music video youve watched on 4music channel that didnt include one scrap of sexual foreseery or expose and focus on a s whoremongertily clad female. Yeah, didnt think you could. Whats worse is that a recent study of video ga mes teenage boys regularly play found that the some female characters in those games are often spicyly sexualizedwearing tight revealing clothing and having unrealistically large breasts, and unnaturally disfiguring small waists.Is this distorting the way guys imagine real women? Well, sorry for the wakeup call boys, but youre in for a shocking discovery. Another study of network television commercials found that nearly one in 4 commercials includes some type of sexual attractiveness as a base for the message. What is going on with the world? Are we so unfertile weve resorted to sexual attraction as a method to persuade people to buy shampoo?Is this nation as gullible to believe that when you buy this insanely expensive bottle of shampoo, youll automatically transform from your naught-over-average self into this booby-blonde bimbo who probably eats an average of 200 calories a day really? Why dont we just change it from Advertising Executives to freaking Pornography Wholesale a nd be done with it? Which brings me to another point. Young girls were quoted as saying that they would prefer to have cancer, lose both their parents, or live through a nuclear holocaust than be fat.You might be thinking, Is this a joke? I really wish it was. Because walk out it from someone who has grown up with only one parent, being fat is the least of your worries. And this problem isnt limited to just girls, oh no. Because the amount of males with eat disorders has in fact doubled over the past decade. Sorry lads, but youre not faultless. On the other hand, nobody is. Even the media cant hide from you that basic fact the new Rimmel girl, quite frankly, looks almost the double of a frogmouth catfish. Not that they dont put up a profound fight.Take one look at any middle-shelf magazine and youll see exactly what every single other woman in the country no doubt sees, todays airbrushed perception of the perfect beauty. The elementary trend in the media industry at present is to promote slim, almost unnaturally closemouthed womens bodies, and sell it out as the only way to be accepted as beautiful. Women, especially young women, take one look at magazines, TV programmes, movies and other media products and accept this falsified version of a human being, and distressingly of all, believe in it.These images are distinguished in the mind of young women as being a role model to follow, and aspire to be like. Unfortunately girls, attaining this emaciated look doesnt come naturally (unless youve been blessed with an insanely high metabolism for which, I am extremely resentful), and inevitably leads to exercising some form of diet, excessive amounts of exercise or aberrant eating behaviours. In actual fact, the number of people with some form of eating disorder is triple the amount of people with AIDS.Two in five women have admitted that they were unhappy with their bodies, which inwardness 40% of you reading this know exactly what Im talking about. The med ia does affect us, and there isnt much we can do about that. What you can do, is stop comparing yourself to the cover models because theyre not real women. Beauty is natural, not airbrushed, and natural is how you are in yourself not how you adapt yourself around an images expectations.

Organizational Culture of Virgin Group Essay

1. Describe the farming of Virgin group by seven prop of organization stopping point. Organizational destination has been followd as the shared values, principles, traditions, and ways of doing things that influence the way organizational members act. Actually, it can divided seven dimension of organizational culture which are attention to detail, outcome orientation, people orientation, team orientation, aggressiveness, stability and construct and risk taking, and now I will use these seven dimensions to describe the culture of virgin. The first dimension used in this culture of virgin is attention to detail. It is the degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision, analysis, and attention to detail.It is such a culture gives a competitive advantage to companies by helping them differentiate themselves from others. Like this article, the virgin airline has a lot of competitors like 747airline. They provide multiform products and the virgin airline put their sel ling point to their services that their crews are smiling, cheerful and pleased to help, let the passengers wanting to fly with them again. Also, the virgin America sweeps the voyage awards for service and quality. Although their planes are new, with great interiors and entertainment, the great service of its crews is what wins so many plaudits. Further more than, they employ a general carriage in the Caribbean.He tried to interchange the way things were done, discouraged the staff from drinking their guests that reducing the staff morale. As he didnt get the degree on attention to detail, then he was being replacement. The second dimension in this culture is people orientation. It is the degree to which management decisions comport into account the effects on people in the organization. It emphases on individual rights and expectation of treating people with respect and dignity. In this article, when the author was running Virgin Records, a member of the talent-scouting team wa s stealing and selling boxes of records to local exploited shops.But he didnt fire the staff and just gave him a severe warning and a second chance. He expected the staff to limit from his mis learn and get back to doing his job. As the experience of the author that he fell foul of the customs and excise people as trying to arrive records into the UK. He was given a fine, a second chance and have tried to make the nigh of it ever since. This has made him much more accept and forgiving of peoples mistakes. Also, the virgin airline treats their staff as family units and makes them feel that their company is their second home.They will hold parties in the weekend, make positive(predicate) all the staff can participate the parties and help them build the kin between staff and manager. That is how the virgin airline treating their staff. The third dimension in this culture is team orientation. It is a degree to which work is organized around teams kinda than individuals. It is col laborative and emphases on cooperation among employees. In this article, the writer mentioned most how to be a effective leader to lead people well. He said that a good leader must know the team, its strengths and weakness socializing and listen to the team is the let on of being a good leader.A good leader can led their teammate well, can motivate the staff morale and build the relationship between the team. He also said that a bad leader can destroy a business very quickly. As they employed a general manager in Caribbean who tried to change the way things were done. The manager discouraged the staff from drinking with guests that decreased the staff morale and broke the self-reliance of management. So they replace the manager and restore the staff morale and the sense of managements trust which had been broken. The fourth dimension in this culture is innovation and risk taking. It is the degree to which employees are encouraged to be innovative and take risk. Through this arti cle, Brett Godfrey showed his business plan to the author, which outlining the start-up of a low-cost carrier in Australia to take on Qantas and Ansett in their domestic market.He has expanded Blue and its sister airline to the United States, New Zealand, Thailand and South Africa. The company give them brand endure and the space to go build the new business themselves like Virgin Active. Also, Matthew Bucknall and Frank Reed had bought out some(a) innovative base like the idea of a family-friendly health and fitness club in 1999. These planning and ideas are innovative, but at the same time they need to take the risk on running the ideas and planning. In this article, we can find out four dimension of organizational culture.A top company must have strong organizational culture that employees are more loyal than weak organizational culture, creates a stronger employee commitment to the organization, and the strong organizational culture is associated with high organizational perfo rmance. Also, if the value of the culture is clear and widely accepted, employees can know what they are supposed to do and what expected to them, so they can act quickly to take care of problem.2. How culture affect the manager?A culture usually reflects the vision of organization founder. They will articulate the vision of what they want the organization to be. The subtle size of most new organizations makes it easier to instill the vision with all organizational members. Also, organizational practices are also one of the impacts on culture. They can find out the information about the organization and determine the most suitable for organization through practices. The top management behavior has a major impact on culture too, that the activity of top management can lead to undesirable outcomes. Organizational culture can divide into four types.They are circularize systems, human relation, native sour and rational goal. A culture will predominately affect the manger in four wa ys, which are controlling, leading, organizing and planning. In the leading of the management, the mangers are able to use popular leadership style that allows employees participate in decision-making progress, but not only individuals in the open systems and human relation culture. Through these two types of culture, the mangers require grotesque leadership, responsive behavior and also tend to be participative, considerate and supportive.Also, the mangers in rational goal culture are also able to use classless leadership style and tend to be directive, goal oriented and functional. On the other hand, the mangers in the internal process culture will be more likely to use autocratic leadership style that they are tend to be conservative and caution. In the planning of the management, they will more likely to take the risk of the plan in open systems culture in the large extent, which this culture is emphasis on creativity and innovation that the employee will have some innovative idea when planning. In rational goal and human relation culture, the manger will take risk on planning in the small extent. But in the internal process culture, the manger are not willing to take the risk on planning, which their company are conservative and cautious.In the human relation and open system culture, they will likely develop the plan by team, but the mangers will likely develop the plan by individual in the rest of the cultures. In the controlling of managers, the control system will be more flexible in human relation and open systems culture, which likely allow employees to control their own action. But in the rest of the cultures, the control system will be inflexible that the managers need their employees follow their rules and procedures. In the open system culture, the manager may able to take the risk to produce the product if exceeding the budget. On the other hand, the manager in internal process culture will prefer cutting the cost or will not produce the produ ct rather than taking the risk to uncover the product into the market.In the organizing of the mangers, their employees can have more impropriety in their jobs in the human relation and open system culture, but less autonomy of employees in the rest of the cultures. Through the rational goal and internal process culture, they will be able done their task by individual rather than team.On the other hand, in human relation and open system, they will prefer to finish the task by team compare to individual and their manager will be likely being decentralization, that increase the decision-making authority of employees, but the rest of culture not. A culture will affect the mangers what they can or cannot do and how they manage. A good manger should know the culture of their companies deeply, that can help them to know what to do and not do and identify their role on managing a team or company.

Preparation for Chinese New Year Essay

Preparations for the naked course begin a couple of weeks forrader the big day. This is a fun quantify full of anticipation and joy as we get ready for the thrill and excitement of the celebrations. According to the traditions, this is the time to clean the mansion, prepare food for the feast and crop banners and decorations special for the unexampled Year. A clean house to welcome the New YearBefore the New Year comes, it is one of the Chinese New Year customs to clean the house from top to bottom to get rid off all the bad luck gathe expiration in the previous course of instruction. And subsequently the New Year comes, you bednot sweep during the first days otherwise all the new luck will sweep away So one of your Chinese New Year activities will be to clean your room Wouldnt want all that accumulated bad luck for another year would you cleanup position house also means settling all your unfinished business to start fresh for the new year Pay off all your debts, thaw all quarrels with friends, catch up with radicalworkMake some Banners and DecorationsRed banners with New Year messages of good luck decorate the main entrance of your house/room. Red is a very lucky color and symbolizes vitality of life and happiness. You rear make your own Chinese New Year decorations with bright red paper and markers or a brush if you prefer. Here are some instructions to make your own New Year Banners including the Lucky Characters stroke by stroke.Preparing the Chinese New Year BanquetOn New Years Day, the families come together to celebrate and everything must be ready for this of import fest. Food must be prepared ahead of time, as one of the popular Chinese New Year superstitions dictates that all knives must be displace away. Using a knife during the first days of the New Year cuts off all the good luck for the coming year. The New Years feast takes many days to prepare. These are some of the traditional chinese new year foods served on New Years day and t hroughout the festivities* meat dumplings for good luck* tangerines for good fortune* apples for peace* sweet rice cakes for more wealth every year* fish for skunk* veggies with long noodles for long life* chicken for wealth* mustard greens for a green year for farmers* soup means everything better than last year* oranges for money and wealth* shrimp for abundancePaying respects to the AncestorsThe New Year Celebrations can only begin after paying respect to the ancestors.On New Years Eve, people will go to the temples and pray for good fortune for the new year.They bring offerings of food and incense to please the hard drink of the deceased so that they might bring good luck.So now that all the preparations are done with, the long-awaited day arrives and the New Years festivities can beginChinese New Year PreparationPreparing for the Chinese New Year begins on personal and social front and can start months before the New Year. These preparations are made in the hope to usher the New Year in the best context possible. Most people try to get even their debts with friends before the New Year so that they can start the New Year debt free. However, this settling of debt often refers to debt between friends and do not include sign or car loans with financial institutions. These are considered as investments. Many people will also check predictions of their luck in the New Year. The Chinese schedule has a 60 year cycle and each year is presided by a star. Everyone has a star that corresponds with the year of birth. This birth star may date with next years presiding star, creating difficulties in work, business or personal life. To avoid or minimize the impact, rituals can be conducted at temples before the New Year. During the dates for these rituals, temples are often crowded with devotees.Nearer to the New Year families start their spring cleaning to welcome the New Year. This is the period when new furniture or minor renovations will be undertaken. Chinese New Year decorations such as couplets, banners are used to create a festive atmosphere. A major activity before the New Year is the exchange of gifts. Most of the gift items have symbolic meanings or status symbols to demonstrate good will or to express good wishes. New Year gifts can be presented to family, friends and between companies. Popular items include New Year cakes, Niangao, in auspicious shapes, Mandarin oranges, Bakkwa (BBQ meat), sweets, candies, chocolates and hampers.New Year cards are also sent to family members, friends and business contacts. A few weeks before the Chinese New Year, markets and fairs specializing in New Year goods can be found in most cities. These markets offer foodstuff, candies, New Year decorations, flowers, clothes, New Year CDs and almost everything required for the New Year. These items are bought as gifts, for home consumption or used to entertain visiting family members or guests. These New Year markets often end in the early hours of N ew Years day. Many people visit these markets after their reunion dinner and stay till after midnight to buy the items at huge discounts.

External and Internal Environmental Analysis Essay

Environmental scanning is the internal communication of remote information about issues that may potentially influence an organizations decision-making summons (Albright, 2004, p. 34). For organizations like Fresenius Medical C be, a worldwide participation, the aw beness of external purlieual factors is vital to maintain competitive on the dialysis industry. Even though there are multiple external factors to analyze, in recent years the government works as an element of change on the medical industry with the biggest heartyness advance in United States history.The health reform will affect the way Fresenius makes business because the company postulate to adapt the impudently carryments-per-service coverage and sustain tonus of service as well as profitability. External Environmental Scan Remote Environment The remote purlieu comprises vanadium factors that originate beyond, and usually regardless of, any single firms operating situation economic, social, political, tec hnological, and ecological factors (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 87). The organization has no control or regulation over these factors.The remotes environmental factors influence the way Fresenius Medical precaution offers dialysis services, especially the economic and political factors. The economic factor describes the organization awareness of the general availability of credit, the level of spendable income, and the propensity of people to spend (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 87). Fresenius target market is end-stage-renal-disease patients with health care insurance. The economic factor will affect Fresenius target and the ability to pay for dialysis treatment and medications.The political factors define the legal and regulatory parameters within which firms must operate (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 90). A good example of political factor is the Obama precaution Law or Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The president Barak Obama signs the law in 2010 with the purpose of providing accessibility to affordable medical care to the Americans and to tailor the government expenses. For-profits entities like Fresenius Medical Care have to adapt the new regulations and create a strategic plan to avoid the potential reduction on profit.Industry Environment Industry environment is the general conditions for competition that influence all businesses that provide similar products and services (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 97). There are five forces that Michael E. Porter, a Harvard University professor, uses to describe the industry competition (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012). These forces are entry barriers, provider power, buyer power, substitute availability, and competitive rivalry (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012). Fresenius Medical Care major contender in the United States is Davita Dialysis Center.Fresenius recognizes and study the competitors strategies to strength the organization. The Obama Care law affects the dialysis industry by changing th e medication coverage. Fresenius competitor owns pharmaceuticals with capability to serve the dialysis patients as soon the law becomes active in 2016. Fresenius identifies the threat of substitute of the competitor and create a program that provides medications to the patients and increase the company profitability even before the law is effective.The goal for Fresenius is to enroll a 100% of patients with Medicare in Fresenius Rx program by the end of 2013. So far Fresenius is at 20% of the goal in California. Operating Environment The external operating environment seems to be closer to the firm than the remote and the industry environments. Operating environment includes the following factors competitors, creditors, customers, labor, and supplier (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012). The proximity of these factors implies that the company may have more interaction and more awareness of the environmental changes.For example, Fresenius study the effect of the new health reform on the main competitor, Davita Dialysis, the patients, the employees, the pharmaceutical suppliers, and medication distributors. Fresenius uses this information to create new strategies and reform the internal environment. Internal Environmental Scan Strengths A strength is a resource or capability controlled by or available to a firm that gives it an advantage relative to its competitors in see to iting the needs of the customers it serves (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 151).Fresenius Medical Care is a German company with more than 70 years of experience in the dialysis industry. The company operates worldwide and has more than 2,100 dialysis facilities in North America (Fresenius Medical Care, n. d. , p. 1). In addition to the experience and knowledge, Fresenius is the continents top producer of dialysis equipment, dialyzers and related disposable products and a major supplier of renal pharmaceuticals (Fresenius Medical Care, n. d. , p. 1). Another important strength is the high quality st andards on the services and products that the company provides. WeaknessWith the strength comes the weakness. A weakness is a limitation or deficiency in one or more of a firms resources or capabilities relative to its competitors that create a damage in effectively meeting customer needs (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 151). The weakness that the company confronts with the new health care reform is the pharmaceutical capability. The pharmacy should be ready to serve hundreds of thousands of people throughout the United States (Fresenius Medical Care, n. d. , p. 1) by 2016. Fresenius has two pharmacies that provide services to more than 2,000 facilities.The prescription delivery time fluctuates betwixt two days and two weeks, which gives advantage to the competitors. Another weakness that Fresenius has is the pressure putting into the employees to meet the project deadlines. This pressure may cause work accidents, employees exhaustion or the reason for knowledgeable employees to move and work with the competitors. Competitive Position and Possibilities Competitive advantage is the companys unique skills and resources working to run through strategies that competitors cannot implement as effectively (Olsen, 2013, p.1) Fresenius Medical Care (FMC) has a competitive advantage position because the company keeps the vanguard on dialysis product innovation and quality of service. FMC is the major product provider of the competitors in United States as well. A strategic coalescence between FMC and the competitors may help the industry to survive the new health care reform and the implications to dialysis treatment payments. This alliance may reduce the cost of the medications and improve customer service by delivering medications the same day of the prescription order. If an alliance is impossible, the knowledge, and experience in strategic planningthat characterize Fresenius, will lead the company to a new plan to keep profitability while doing business. other possibilities may be open more pharmacies around the United States, and diversify the medications inventory. In this way Fresenius will be able to fill any medication prescription to the patients as well as improve delivery time. Organizational Structure and Performance Organizational structure refers to the formalized arrangements of interaction between and function for the tasks, people, and resources in an organization (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 321).Fresenius Medical Care has a traditional matrix organisational structure in which functional and staff personnel are assigned to both a basic functional area and to a project or product manager (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 326). This type of structure helps gargantuan companies to concentrate in projects like the creation of strategic plan to meet the government health reform and meet the companys goal. Conclusion The external and internal environmental analysis brings information to Fresenius Medical Care (FMC) that the c ompany uses to strengthen the company and be aware of potential treats and opportunities.For example, the external remote environment factor that influences the companys structure is the new government health care reform or the Obama Care Law by changing the add together of payment per dialysis treatment. The external industry and operating environments analysis provide information about the competitors strategies in relation to the new regulations. Davita Dialysis Center represents FMC biggest competitor. Fresenius strengths are experience, knowledge, innovation, biggest producer of dialysis materials, and high quality measures. Fresenius weaknesses are the pharmacy capability, deadlines, and pressure.Fresenius uses the strength to improve pharmacy services decrease employees work pressure, and maintain competitive, and profitable in the dialysis industry. Fresenius organizational structure helps the company to meet the companys goals, mission, and mission. The matrix structure pe rmits functional employees to work in special projects, perform a functional work, and meet the companys expectations. For example, Fresenius has the Registered Dietitians working on FMC Rx (Companys pharmacy) enrollment project and performing regular dietitian job.The dietitian reports to the manager of operations as well as the Clinical Manager. References Albright, K. S. (2004, May/June). Environmental scanning radar for success. Information Management, 38(3), 38. Retrieved from http//www. arma. org/ bookstore/files/Albright. pdf Fresenius medical care. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//jobs. fmcna. com/ Olsen, E. (2013). About. com. Retrieved from http//homebusiness. about. com/od/growing/a/comp_advantage. htm Pearce II, J. A. , & Robinson, R. B. (2012). Strategic Management (13th ed. ). smart York, NY McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Balanced Scorecards at BIOCO Essay

An Analysis of, Case Study 7-2 Balanced Scorecards at BIOCO BIOCO has effected from its use of match scorecards that the company has been able to open colloquy channels, where common goals are established end-to-end the whole company. Employees are able to view the companys value drivers, such as financial performance. The Chief Intelligence Officer (CIO) believed that that balanced scorecards helped employees to not only look at their own parts trading operations, besides the overall operations inside the company. The Vice President believed that the scorecards helped all employees understand the overall goals of the company within their own departments. Balanced scorecards also helped the IT department interpret the other business areas within the company. The scorecards helped create an interior(a) perspective that outlined the goals and the measures of the company. Balanced Scorecards allowed every employee at BIOCO to know what the company was excelling at, and where th e company demanded resources be co-ordinated in order to excel.The BIOCO carriage was effective in aiding the IT department to coordinate its goals with that of the company, because every employee through balanced scorecards were able to come up the operations and key driver goals of the IT department. Employees could test whether the IT projects were effective and on track. Also, the IT department could see the operations and goals of other business areas within the company. If IT was working on a project to implement selective information systems (IS) in a certain business area/department, they could look backward the balanced scorecards to see the kind of goals and operations utilized within that department. IT can then align the IS with the business strategy of a certain department by viewing these scorecards. The BIOCO set out could be successfully integrated into large organizations, and considered a useful communication tool. This tool would be utilized by management to integrate the business strategy with the organizational structure.Creating goals found on customer perspective, internal business perspective, innovating and learning perspective, and financial perspective would be the first timbre (Pearlson & Saunders, 2013). The next step impart include making adjustments to gaugeperformance goals accurately. For example, a large unswerving may gauge how customers perspective by monitoring their reputation within the market, or they will review the impact of projects on its users (Pearlson & Saunders, 2013). After a large organization finds a way to measure goals, they will have to create a corporate strategy map. The map will have balanced scorecards that return throughout the whole company. The map will have to include company, division, region, district, store, and department balanced scorecards.The only way the BIONCO approach will be useful with a new CEO is if that CEO does not see any change needed within the organization or very li ttle change is needed. If changes should add up goal perspectives will have to be change, and how they are measured will have to be adjusted as well. In order to implement new values, they must change the whole BIONCO way approach to mirror those values. If the values differ immensely from the past CEO, a new approach may be needed all together. The new CEO may want to change the whole business strategy all together to emphasize the IS system. In this case the new CEO may utilize an IT washboard instead. The BIONCO way will have to be altered to some length in order to be successful, because the CEO will most likely want to change some perspectives of the business.ReferencesPearlson, Keri and Saunders, Carol. Managing & Using Information Systems. new-fangled Jersey JohnWiley & Sons, 2013. Print.

Cannibalism: Crime or Survival? Essay

behindnibalism has gone through stages of acceptance to virtuously corrupt and unspeakable. When faced in a dire situation, such as isolation and deterioration of the learn c ar and body, shagnibalism baffles an option of survival. When people confess of their actions, is it fair for us to judge? What would a mortal do in that situation, and can one honestly punish a nonher for survival of the fittest?Cannibalism dates cover song as far as the earliest signs of humane life. By definition, cannibalism is the occupying of any species by an opposite member of the same species, (Cannibalism). Wolves, for vitrine, provide eat another wolf if there is no other form of nutrition to be found. This is an example of survival of the fittest, an instinct born unto all living creatures. Cannibalism is crude(a) in human nature, dating back to the Carib Indians of the West Indies. In the Arwakan language, carib literally translates to cannibal. The practice of eating human meat, whe ther in ritual or punishment, has been in force(p) in nearly e very break away of the world.The reason for cannibalistic behavior has varied among the people. Headhunters, for example, seed eating separate of a victims body would grant them magical powers. Some tribes ate criminals to punish them or gain r neverthelessge for the crime. Primitive Lords Suppers comm sound now involved human sacrifice, and it was not uncommon for the sacrifices family to eat certain parts of the body. This practice is labe maneuver endocannibalism.As epoch progressed, cannibalism went from common practice in the east to an unspeakable sin in the west. Cannibalism is most commonly secure due to the result of fundamental physical necessity in isolated surroundings. It has been equitableified as a model of behavior in sustenance processing as a response to nutritionary stress, (Ellis et al. 4) Es moveially, cannibalism in such desperation comes trim back to practical logic. If one is famishe d, one eats whatis offered. Examples of this include survivors of a plane wreck stranded without solid food for thought boat wrecks on isolated islands or, more commonly, families trapped in a snowstorm in any large mountain range. bingle of the most recent cases of cannibalism known is that of Andes flight disaster. In 1972, an Uruguayan rugby team, along with their family and friends, were on their personal manner to Chile to compete when the plane crashed in the Andes mountain range. Several died in the initial crash, and more died due to the harsh conditions and injuries from the wreck. Ten days opened before the little bit of food that was rationed ran out. The grouping lived for dickens months before rescue came, and in that time they had committed the unspeakable act. As a group, the survivors concord to turn to cannibalism and endocannibalism in order to survive. Out of the original forty-five, only sixteen came from the mountains animated because of their survival t echnique. This group had indulged in what is called survival cannibalism.Survival cannibalism is an innate form of survival that anthropologists believe exists in all humans. When the rugby team was faced with their dire situation, they indulged on their native instinct to satisfy nutritional take aim before abiding to the morals of society. When rescued, the team told reporters that it was a sort of communion they ate as little as come-at-able so as not to desecrate the unaw atomic number 18s. Jesus gave the disciples His blood and His descriptor at the Last Supper, so we were kept alive through Him, explained one of the survivors when the press demanded an answer as to what they ate to stay alive (Stranded Gonzalo Arijon). The Uruguayan and Chilean frequents accepted these survivors, even though the media slandered them and called them inhumane and cannibalistic. some other, maybe more famous case of survival cannibalism is the story of the Donner Party. The Donner Party wa s a group of families being led west by brothers George and Jacob Donner in the winter of 1846-47. The unfortunate groups of pioneers were trapped in the snowy Sierra Nevada Mountains because they did not foresee that they had set out too late in the year with too little provisions. The group traveled through the Great Plains, losing much of their cattle due to heat and starvation.As the group headed on, they remaining(a) the warmth of the desert-like plains and entered the cold and snow ofthe mountains. Their food supply dwindled as they tried to make a pass through the Sierra Nevada range, their remaining cattle became buried in the blizzard-like weather conditions, and many another(prenominal) wagons had to be abandoned. The political troupe set up camp in a valley, hoping to rest out the storm and continue on. The wait turned from a few days to weeks, thus from weeks to months. The food supply ran out leather books, oxen hide blankets, and tobacco became a daily meal. Rel ief parties were sent form California, but they could not take everyone at once.If we do not find food, we will convey to commence on the dead, stated Tamsen Donner, wife of George Donner, when the primary relief party came to take her oldest children out of the mountains (Burton 166). Tamsen was left with five children and her nieces and nephews to carry as well. The party ran out of oxen hides and leather to eat. The only way a mother was to keep her children alive was to feed them the only food source available. C beful not to choose their relatives, members of the Donner Party ate the only food source available cadavers of those that had died. When reintroduced into the Californian society, the living members were shunned. Was it indemnify of society to judge them so harshly? How could pioneers maintain they would not do the same, when in reality it is more probable that they would? Louis Keseberg, the last member of the party to extend the mountains, was tried for murder . The public should not project demanded that that a survivor of such perils be ostracized just for living.Another conflicting case is that of Alfred Alferd Packer, dubbed Colorados Cannibal. Packer was a mountain guide in 1873 Colorado. He was hired to take a group of men through Bingham Canyon, Utah. This expedition did not end as planned. As with the Donner Party, Packer had not realized that his company had set out too late and would lead to a fatal end. Many men turned around when they were rescued from the cold by a group of Indians, but five remained with Packer. The men set of, no heeding the warnings from the Indians. Sixty days after they left the campsite, only Packer emerged from the canyon. Questions arose to which Packer had no answer, so he lied. He told three versions of his story of survival, and only a few accompaniments were found to be truth.Their food supply had run out andthe men agreed to eat whoever died from starvation. Shannon buzzer had killed the four other men while Packer was searching for food. Packer killed Bell due to self-defense, and Packer did not resort to cannibalism until starvation overtook his guilt for the deaths of his men. Alfred Packer was called a murderer and sent to jail, even though he killed in self-defense. It was too quick of a decision to send this man, who was in a starved mindset, to a punishment in which he did not deserve. It is true that Packer was epileptic, and very possibly had several psychological problems, but that did not make him a killer. He was just onerous to survive.Learned cannibalism is another category of cannibalistic behavior. It is when one is not driven by hunger to eat the course of another human. However, learned cannibalism is often thought of as the cause for Hannibal Lecter-style murders. Anthropologists deny that learned cannibalism is what such killers practiced it is a method of ritualistic behavior that our human ancestors have passed down through generations. The Nippo nese army adopted such rituals during their last war. Why did the army commit such a primitive act? Some men state it was to bring to troop together, to give them nerves of steel, so to speak. Others submit it was to clear the taboo in case they ran out of food. Still, some separate that it was because the soldiers wanted to gain the powers of the enemy, just as the headhunters had done so long ago.The Japanese military kept these cases filed away, not speaking of the unpitying acts the men committed. Now that the files have been uncovered, the question of whether or not this can be classified as a crime must be answered. With finding that answer comes more questions Which men are right? Were they really starving, or were they just soulless beings? Was murder enacted to pursue this activity, or were the men al commemoratey dead? So many questions arise that it is nearly impossible to have a clear, truthful answer as to whether this was a war crime or not. The psychological reason behind cannibalistic behavior ranges from starvation to perversion.Cannibalism might be seen as the highest level of knowledgeable perversion. This is closely related to the equally rare press cutting up of bodies, following sexual crimes and sadism, state psychologists when asked if cannibalism can be con fontred a true crime, or if it is just a taboo of westbound culture (Capraro Cannibalism is not a Crime). Cannibalism isnt listed as a crimethe only trespasses a person can be tried for are manslaughter and rape. There is no sentencing to accompany the cutting up or eating of the body. Some people say that cannibalism should be denominate as murder. What if it was not murder that was committed? The custom of the sea dictates that, when a boat is crashed or stranded, survivors are to rely on the dead for food. There is no murder involved if the dead had come to be so due to natural causes.Society has become engrossed with stories of cannibals, murderers, and rapists. People gos sip and read in depth about such crimes, feasting on the horrible tales which western culture has only read in stories from Edgar Allen Poe and the like. But what about when it happens in their own culture, to people on their own street? One name sticks out when cannibalism comes up Armin Meiwes. The case of German native Meiwes is tricky because he could not be sentenced since cannibalism is rarely committed in todays western culture and is not classified as a crime in Germany. Meiwess victim, Bernd Brandes, a man who was in a sexual kindred with Meiwes, had conceded to be killed and eaten by Meiwes.Meiwes could only be convicted for killing upon request and disturbing the peace of the dead (i.e. eating the body instead of burying it). Meiwes admits to being a true cannibal, and is acceptance of his branding as a murderer. But cannibalism does not always involve murder. Brandes consented to having part of him cut off and eaten, thus leaving him alive, and then later asked to be ki lled and consumed. Meiwes will be forever classified as psychotically disturbed and sexually perverse for his disposition on cannibalism.Society is unacceptable of cases such as Armin Meiwes simply because of the horrific act that is involved. The public demands stronger sentencing, or the death penalty as an eye-for-an-eye repayment. Cannibalism has been passed down through generations around the world, and as time has progressed it has become an ugly, horrible act. Yet, we are obsessed with learning about it. The famous book Hannibal by Thomas Harris spawned movies and prevalent interest in the acts that the main character committed. Harris also gives the view of why cannibalism happens. Most cases of cannibalism occur from a deep psychological problem. Maybe the person who committed the act isextreme obsessive-compulsive and cannot stand to have a mess therefore, eating the body disposes of the mess and clears the act from the mind. As a child, the cannibal may not have had a s trong kind with their same sex parent and developed an over-dependent relationship with the opposite parent or a sibling.Such as Armin Meiwes, who had no apparent male puzzle out in his life, consuming the flesh of someone he was close to was a way of keeping the person close to himself forever. As stated before, cannibalism can be seen as the highest level of sexual perversion, therefore many of Freuds theories on oral fixation and sexual aggression can provide a possible explanation of the thought process of cannibalistic people. The perpetrator of the behavior is fixated on sexual pleasure resulting from the mouth. He or she enjoys the acts of sucking, biting, and chewing, often resulting in a need to have something constantly in his or her mouth. The way cannibalism fits in is that the act of eating another human is on a high level of sexual aggressiveness. The orally fixated person gets pleasure from eating another human, both sexually and orally.Many people who have been con victed of murder and the act of cannibalism have shown to eat those close to them. Either it is a companion, a lover, or a relative that is being consumed. The reasoning behind this is that the consumer wants to remain close to whomever it is for as long as possible, and when that person dies, the consumer sees eating them as a way of reincarnation because he or she is becoming a part of the consumer, thus their life continues. Obviously, this way of thinking is psychotically disturbing and when a person is convicted of such acts, they are draw up into an institution for the mentally disturbed. Can we send a person to jail for committing cannibalism even though they are psychologically unstable? Or do we take the risk of sending them to an institution to be fixed, and late reintroduce them to society? The world pretends to be blind of such acts and prefers to shut away those who do them. This is not taking care of the problem. Yes, the world of the 1800s chose to shut their eyes a gainst the survival techniques of the Donner Party, but that did not solve the event of how to deal with the survivors.Survivors of such a tragic incident must slowly be reintroduced into the world. They should not tone of voice that the world is an unsafe place just because they survived. People who willingly commitcannibalism need to see the wrongs of what they did. On the other hand, people need to see why they did it in order to fully understand the reasoning. What the western culture claims is a taboo, the African culture deems it a ritualistic rite. Today, cannibalism has been turned into a sort of joke. In the cartoons, when two men are stranded on an island, one sees the other and imagines him as a big, aristocratical steak, thus invoking a chase of sorts. Is that not what happens when two people truly are stranded and starving? The custom of the sea states that when a boat is wrecked, the survivors must be willing to eat whatever is available, even if it is one another.S ociety does not realize that jokes, shows, and books influence the thoughts of everybody. Many times people will say in a joking matter that he tasted just like chicken, when referring to the eating of one another. In reality, people who make these jokes may someday be faced with the choice of living or dying, and the federal agent that will keep them alive is eating the person who tastes just like chicken. As disturbing as that thought may be, it is true. Humans first reaction in life or death situations is to salve their own lives. When it comes to women in motherhood, they prefer to save their childrens lives first. If a family is faced with the obstacle of living or dying, such as the Donner Party families, their first choice is going to be to live. A mother wants her children to live, to go steady life, even if that means do anything possible to survive. If the family must resort to cannibalism, is it a crime? Can the human race look down upon one another just for surviving? It would be ludicrous to believe that people should be abolished just because they chose to live instead of succumbing to death.When boiled down, Cannibalism is essentially only in two categories survival cannibalism and learned cannibalism. The intrinsic side of modern Homo sapiens deals with survival cannibalism and justifies its cause. The moral side of the human brain cannot fathom the reasoning behind learned cannibalism. Why the ancestors began that tradition is a mystery. Was it first started from starvation? Did the first Homo sapiens not find food and decided to turn on one another? Or was it because of their belief in magic, the belief that humans contained magical powers and by digesting their flesh they absorbed the powers unto themselves? This mystery will remain unsolved, just as the mystery of who started the oral legends in inseparable American cultures. The reasoning behind societys outlaws of cannibalism, eithersurvival or learned, is another mystery, until now it is one that can be solved. In native cultures, such as the Caribs, cannibalism was an everyday ordeal.As time progressed, people on the western hemisphere of the world chose to become more sophisticated. This involved the abolishing of all other cultural practices, from the clothes that were worn to the rituals that were participated in. Christianity was taught throughout the world, and cannibalism fell into the gray area of sins. Only anthropologists understood the need for converging into the act of survival cannibalism, and saw the importance of understanding why it was a ritual so long ago.The society that is shown cannibalistic behavior today is horrified by it because the behavior had not been practiced for so long that even the survival technique became unspeakable. Cannibalism started out as a ritual, a rite of sorts that was common to engage in. Then it moved into a state of survival, a technique only employ when one is faced with death. Now, it is considered a perverse , revolting taboo that is blasphemed and blown out of proportion by media. Can one really take an opinion on this? Who can honestly, without a doubt, know for a fact that he or she would not turn to cannibalistic behavior when confronted with starvation? No one can give an honest answer to that question until they have been put in the situation. The brain switches from living by the standards of society to the survival instinct possessed by all living creatures. In all honesty, we are no different from the wolves that will eat a member of the pack in order to live. full treatment CitedBurton, Gabrielle. Impatient with Desire The Lost Journal of Tamsen Donner. New York Hyperion, 2010.Cannibalism. Comptons by Encyclopedia Britannica. 2005 ed.Capraro, Ingo. Cannibalism not a crime. News24. 14 Dec 2002. Ellis, Meredith A.B. et al. The Signature of Starvation A Comparison of Bone Processing at a Chinese Encampment in Montana and the Donner Party Campin California. July 2010. U of Montana College of humanities and Sciences. Stranded Ive Come From A Plane That Crashed on the Mountains. Dir. Gonzalo Arijon. Pro. Gonzalo Arijon. 2007. Zeitgeist video, 2008. DVD.

Describe How to Interact, Respond, Communicate and Deal

When we be communicating with each children and newborner people we must handle them all the same. We should be clear and concise. Instructions should be clear and the same E. G. please give the bounce you good for you(p) up. Then we should keep repeating please tin you tidy up, please can you tidy up, if a child (3-6years) was asked can you put toys away, they can queer confused with what they restrain been asked to do. We can ask the younger child to repeat what the instruction was so we atomic number 18 awargon that they have understood what was said to them. Children of the age3-6 be using their grammar a lot more.At this age they can exaggerate very well when telling something. If they are hurt they competency tell fibs. Verbalising whilst playing is very common for 3-6 yrs. whilst communicating with these small children I would get down to their level. With the 6-12yrs they tend to ask lots of question. At this age most of the children set their own goals to achie ve. fact and fantasy are distinguished by now. The 6-12 age groups will motivation to have boundaries in place. They might likewise need support if they have a falling out with friends.This is the age when they lecture roughly transitions in life. Use language to predict and draw conclusions. Use long and complex sentences. Understand separate points of capture and show that they agree or disagree. Understand comparative words e. g. it was earlier than yesterday. hold up conversations going by giving reasons and explaining choices? Start conversations with adults and children they dont know. Understand and use passive sentences e. g. the forager is chased by the policeman. 12-18 yrs. olds will still look for adult support even though they are striving to be an adult.As teens seek in betence from family and establish their own identity, they begin thinking abstractly and become concerned with moral issues. We need to be approachable and also remind them of confidentially. No t all children will like face to face talking so it might be best to speak at side of them. Teens should be able to process texts and abstract meaning, relate word meanings and contexts, understand punctuation, and regulate complex syntactic structures. However, communication is more than the use and understanding of words it also includes how teens think of themselves, their peers, and dominance figures.Resolving conflict with age groups. Ask each individual what happened and why. Encourage both children to come up with ideas to locate the problem. Do not judge either child or be negative about their suggestions. marque it clear that you want to work toward a solution that will make them both happy. Encourage the children to see to each other, including why they believe the conflict started. This effectively forces the children to accept that there is another person with feelings involved. Children are often totally unaware of how their way affects other people.Help both chil dren understand what the end goal is this whitethorn involve being very clear about what would be a good end result, an solve that suits both children. Ask both children to discuss the incident and to tell you how they have decided to handle it. Be sure to praise the children for handling the problem themselves and reassure them that you know there will be no future conflict between them. When your child gets angry, give them time and space to calm down originally trying to resolve the situation. Explain later that it is difficult to think of good solutions when we are angry.We jockstrap children to disclose the value of positive relationships in many ways. We promote and reward positive behaviour, encourage turn taking, we condition we are good role models we encourage sharing and build self-esteem of the use of praise and reward, with either sticker, certificates, merits ECT. We also encourage the children to be kind to each other. As adults we must respect other peoples view even if we dont agree as everyone is entitled to their opinion. Always show youre concerned in what people are saying, show concern if needed and be a listening ear.Respect can be gained by talking to a child at their level and understanding them, for example tone at children at eye level whilst talking to them increases mutual respect. Keeping calm and talking in a normal friendly tone also increases mutual respect. Listening to children and addressing their needs. Role models are inspirational people who encourage others to progress and work toward self-improvement. They are especially important for todays youthfulness and can play an important role in shaping our society.Role models can influence a young ones values, beliefs, and attitudes, which will shape the person that one will grow to be. Role models have the ability to focus their efforts on others rather than on themselves and they are selfless. Role models inspire others not plainly by their words, but more so by thei r actions that move us to do the same. Role models help others by offering good examples, by inspiring others realize the endless possibilities to reach their goals, and by sorrowful others to be the best that they can be. Children will copy behaviour so I use discretion the children will copy.Influenced by the people around them affects children Reinforcement is used to help increase the probability that a specific behavior will occur with the delivery of a stimulus/item immediately after a response/behavior is exhibited. Negative bread and butter is often confused with punishment. Positive reinforcement is a very powerful and effective tool to help shape and change behavior. Positive reinforcement kit and caboodle by presenting a motivating item to the person after the desired behavior is exhibited, making the behavior more likely to happen in the future.We do this with either thumb up, smiling, verbal praise. Negative reinforcement is when a certain stimulus/item is removed a fter a particular behavior is exhibited. We can change seat or room. The likelihood of the particular behavior occurring again in the future is increase be cause of removing/avoiding the negative stimuli. Communication can be hard with young people as well as children. Each obstruction has its own effect. This could be how they learn, or understand what is being said to them. They will need time and to feel less pressured when speaking.Someone with Hearing difficulties would benefit from BSL( British sign Language), difficulty with at liveion or following complex directions in the classroom would benefit from being near the teacher or having 1-1, difficulty retaining information could have pictures or tape recorders,, poor vocabulary achievement could have extra time, difficulties with grammar, difficulties with musical arrangement of expressive language or with narrative discourse, difficulties with academic achievement, reading, and writing, unclear speech, persistent stuttering or a lisp.Most children tent to communicate through text and emails. Sometimes we need to change the way we communicate with people. This will depend on the individual. We often do this without knowing we have changed. Eye contact is best for non- hearing as they can lip read. Other ways we can communicate are via letters, email, using different ruse paper. We might need to speak slowly and more clearly. Depending on the type of visual impairment and what adaptations are necessary, I will produce reading books and class material in large print or braille.Touch typing programmers might be introduced, using a screen reader. Visual timetables, pictures, symbols or photographs are also a good way to communicate. For younger children, a visual time line can be effective, labels for equipment and places for specific activities, pictures, symbols, photographs or written labels. Visual displays of topics or current activities can for some children can cause overload.

Lady Macbeth As A Catalyst To Evil Essay

The verbiage behind every public, there is a wo earth, rings true even in the Shakespearean catastrophe Macbeth. gentlewoman Macbeth is the catalyst that ignites the fire to Macbeths ambition. It is because she challenges his masculinity, questions his love, and belittles his valor that Macbeth murders Duncan. His lady provides impetus for him to abandon all goodly nature in order to achieve what they both desire. Macbeth would not have murdered Duncan and continued on a downward spiral of evil were it not for the extra push from his ruthless and overly determined wife.Macbeth is filled with great hubris. wench Macbeth plays on this pride when she challenges his masculinity. She goads him by saying, When you durst do it, then(prenominal) you were a man / . . ., you would / be so much more the man. (Shakespeare, Macbeth. 1.7.49-51). Lady Macbeth tells her husband to kill Duncan to prove that he is a man, and states how much more of a man he will be as king. Eugene M. Waith st ates in his lit crit Manhood and Valor in Macbeth, that the pangs of Macbeths conscience . . . are no more than effeminate, childish fears to Lady Macbeth.(64) She has a great deal of power over Macbeth this power is the mere truth that she possesses more of a manly quality that he himself does.Macbeth is ambitious enough to want to become king, but would not rally of murdering Duncan. Because Lady Macbeth knows this, she understands the necessity to push Macbeth into performing the deed. She does this by questioning his love for her. What beast wast then / that made you break this enterprise to me?/ . . . I would, while it was smiling in my face, / have plucked my titmouse from his boneless gums a/ nd dashed the brains out, had I sworn so as you / have through to this. (Mac. 1. 7. 47-48. 55-58) In saying this, Lady Macbeth proves her devotion to her lord and asks him to do the same. Lady Macbeth tells him that his love is worth zero if he refuses to go through with the plan, . . . saying that his love is as accountable as his indecisiveness. (Macbeth and Lady Macbeth surpass Roles. www.planetpapers.com) Macbeth wants his wife to love and trust him, so he follows through with their plan.Macbeth is brave when it comes to thought, but when it comes to action he issomewhat of a moral coward. Lady Macbeth bullies her husband into the action that will gain them the throne. The final centering she badgers Macbeth is by deprecating his bravery. We fail / But screw your courage to the sticking-place / and well not fail. (Mac. 1.7. 59-61) Macbeth views himself as the epitome of bravery and upon hearing these words from the woman he loves, he succumbs to their ambitions.Lady Macbeth taunts him for his cowardice, under the weight of her reproaches of cowardice he has dared do more, and has become less . . . (Brooks. 45). Throughout the Renaissance, the idea that to be courageous is to be a man prevails. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth represents the ideal El izabethan hero therefore, bravery is an important character attribute. Lady Macbeths ruthlessness and manipulation of Macbeth causes him to defy his true principles and to murder Duncan.From the beginning of Act One Scene Five, until later the murder of Duncan, it is evident that Lady Macbeth manipulates and convinces Macbeth to do evil. Lady Macbeth knew that he would never go through with it alone, she realizes that he holds too much of the milk of human kindness (Mac. 1.5.12) to ever complete such an appalling feat. Lady Macbeth uses persuasion to coerce her husband. Had she not mocked his masculinity, challenged of his love, and vilified his bravery, Macbeth would not have been pressured into the murder of his king and thrust onto a itinerary of malevolence led by ambition.

Scientific Paper on a Water Flea

The effect of Alcohol and caffeine on the Heartbeat Rate in Daphnia Magnus ? Erika Huizenga Ashley Kofahl The Effects of Alcohol and Caffeine on the Heartbeat Rate in Daphnia Magnus Abstract The projects purpose was to determine the make of intoxicant and caffeine on the measure prise in Daphnia Magnus. Our hypothesis is alcohol causes a lessen in centre rate, whereas caffeine causes an accelerated heart rate, predicting that the more caffeine we spend a penny the daphnia the straightaway it heartbeat rate will become and the heartbeat rate will decrease as we give the Daphnia alcohol.After doing the experiment we found that the more caffeine we added to the Daphnia Magna the faster its heartbeat rate became. We also found that when we added alcohol to the Daphnia the heartbeat rate also increased non keep our hypothesis. Methods and Materials Location Washtenaw Community College, 4800 East Huron Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 LA building 205 at 1230p. m. January 30, 2010 Mate rials microscope, two glaze micro slides, two pipettes, three Daphnia Magna, 2%, 4%, and 6% alcohol, 1%, 1 ? , and 2% caffeine, aquarium irrigate, a stopwatch, a person to record the data, administer the drugs and water to the Daphnia, and a person to expect the heat beats. Procedure for the control In order to make sure that alcohol and caffeine atomic number 18 the variables effecting the heartbeat rate we started by capturing a live Daphnia and primed(p) it in a opinion slide with a drop of pond water from the culture jar. We removed any extra water with the tip of a paper towel. Next we added one drop of aquarium water to the Daphnia.Then we began to enumerate the number of heartbeats for 10 seconds and then multiplied by 6 to find the beats per minute and enter the result. After two minutes we repeated the process, and the again after another two minutes to captivate three reading of heartbeat rate on the control. Procedure for alcohol and caffeine To determine the eff ects of alcohol and caffeine on the daphnia we started by capturing a new Daphnia and placing it on a depression slide and removing any extra water. We Placed 1 drop of a 1% caffeine solution on the Daphnia.After waiting for a few seconds we began to count the heart beats and preserve the results on our data sheet. Next we removed the excess solution from the Daphnia and flushed it with aquarium water. utilise the same procedure we monitored the effects of 1 1/2% and 2. 0% caffeine solutions and recorded our results and placed the Daphnia in the recovery store. After completing the caffeine series, we obtained a the second set of drugs. This judgment of conviction instead of victimisation caffeine we used varied concentrations of alcohol 2%, 4% and 6% using the same method as the caffeine procedure.Again recording our results and placing the Daphnia in the recovery tank when finished. Results The original purpose of this experiment was to determine how alcohol and caffeine effe cted the heartbeat rate of a Daphnia. The results of the experiment were that the higher percentage caffeine and alcohol placed onto the Daphnia the higher the heart rate. add up Daphnia Magnus Heartbeats per Minute ? Conclusion After completing the experiment we found that when we gave the Daphnia caffeine the heartbeat rate did show an increase.However, we also found that alcohol also increased the number of dates the heart beat. Even though we performed all of the experiments very carefully, we cannot be certain that the effect we saw was due to the drugs. mayhap the deviate in heartbeat rate is caused by the heat of the microscope light or a change in temperature. When we came into the lab to do the experiment the solutions were already sitting on the tables. The lab is used by several other students, therefore we can not be sure that the percentages of solutions were accurate or that they had not been tampered with.While trying to remove excess water the Daphnia got stuck t o the paper towel which could have caused accentuate making the heartbeat rate increase during the alcohol attempt. The removal or addition of the various test solutions may have had an impact on our test subject. When comparing our results to other groups we found that they had different results with alcohol. Because of this we palpate that the experiment should be repeated several times and not done only one time to gain accurate results.